First law of thermodynamics and Friedmann equations of
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe

doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2005/02/050

First law of thermodynamics and Friedmann equations of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe

Rong-Gen Cai et al JHEP02(2005)050 doi: 10.1088/1126-6708/2005/02/050

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Rong-Gen Cai^1,2 and Sang Pyo Kim^3,4
¹ Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100080, China
² CASPER, Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX76798-7316, U.S.A.
³ Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Korea
⁴ Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang 790-784, Korea
E-mail: sangkim@kunsan.ac.kr

Abstract. Applying the first law of thermodynamics to the apparent horizon of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe and assuming the geometric entropy given by a quarter of the apparent horizon area, we derive the Friedmann equations describing the dynamics of the universe with any spatial curvature. Using entropy formulae for the static spherically symmetric black hole horizons in Gauss-Bonnet gravity and in more general Lovelock gravity, where the entropy is not proportional to the horizon area, we are also able to obtain the Friedmann equations in each gravity theory. We also discuss some physical implications of our results.

Key words: Black Holes; Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM

Received 10 January 2005, accepted for publication 14 February 2005
Published 16 March 2005

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First law of thermodynamics and Friedmann equations of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe

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