Gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134

doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/5/042

Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134

B Allen et al 2004 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 S671-S676 doi: 10.1088/0264-9381/21/5/042

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B Allen³⁹, G Woan³⁵, (for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration), B Abbott¹³, R Abbott¹³, R Adhikari¹⁴, B Allen³⁹, R Amin³⁴, S B Anderson¹³, W G Anderson²⁹, M Araya¹³, H Armandula¹³, F Asiri¹³, P Aufmuth³¹, C Aulbert¹, S Babak⁷, R Balasubramanian⁷, S Ballmer¹⁴, B C Barish¹³, D Barker¹⁵, C Barker-Patton¹⁵, M Barnes¹³, B Barr³⁵, M A Barton¹³, K Bayer¹⁴, R Beausoleil²⁶, K Belczynski²³, R Bennett³⁵, S J Berukoff¹, J Betzwieser¹⁴, B Bhawal¹³, G Billingsley¹³, E Black¹³, K Blackburn¹³, B Bland-Weaver¹⁵, B Bochner¹⁴, L Bogue¹³, R Bork¹³, S Bose⁴⁰, P R Brady³⁹, J E Brau³⁷, D A Brown³⁹, S Brozek³¹, A Bullington²⁶, A Buonanno⁶, R Burgess¹⁴, D Busby¹³, W E Butler³⁸, R L Byer²⁶, L Cadonati¹⁴, G Cagnoli³⁵, J B Camp²¹, C A Cantley³⁵, L Cardenas¹³, K Carter¹⁶, M M Casey³⁵, J Castiglione³⁴, A Chandler¹³, J Chapsky¹³, P Charlton¹³, S Chatterji¹⁴, Y Chen⁶, V Chickarmane¹⁷, D Chin³⁶, N Christensen⁸, D Churches⁷, C Colacino^31,2, R Coldwell³⁴, M Coles¹⁶, D Cook¹⁵, T Corbitt¹⁴, D Coyne¹³, J D E Creighton³⁹, T D Creighton¹³, D R M Crooks³⁵, P Csatorday¹⁴, B J Cusack³, C Cutler¹, E D'Ambrosio¹³, K Danzmann^31,2,20, R Davies⁷, E Daw¹⁷, D DeBra²⁶, T Delker³⁴, R DeSalvo¹³, S Dhurandar¹², M Díaz²⁹, H Ding¹³, R W P Drever⁴, R J Dupuis³⁵, C Ebeling⁸, J Edlund¹³, P Ehrens¹³, E J Elliffe³⁵, T Etzel¹³, M Evans¹³, T Evans¹⁶, C Fallnich³¹, D Farnham¹³, M M Fejer²⁶, M Fine¹³, L S Finn²⁸, É Flanagan⁹, A Freise², R Frey³⁷, P Fritschel¹⁴, V Frolov¹⁶, M Fyffe¹⁶, K S Ganezer⁵, J A Giaime¹⁷, A Gillespie¹³, K Goda¹⁴, G González¹⁷, S Goßler³¹, P Grandclément²³, A Grant³⁵, C Gray¹⁵, A M Gretarsson¹⁶, D Grimmett¹³, H Grote², S Grunewald¹, M Guenther¹⁵, E Gustafson²⁶, R Gustafson³⁶, W O Hamilton¹⁷, M Hammond¹⁶, J Hanson¹⁶, C Hardham²⁶, G Harry¹⁴, A Hartunian¹³, J Heefner¹³, Y Hefetz¹⁴, G Heinzel², I S Heng³¹, M Hennessy²⁶, N Hepler²⁸, A Heptonstall³⁵, M Heurs³¹, M Hewitson³⁵, N Hindman¹⁵, P Hoang¹³, J Hough³⁵, M Hrynevych¹³, W Hua²⁶, R Ingley³³, M Ito³⁷, Y Itoh¹, A Ivanov¹³, O Jennrich³⁵, W W Johnson¹⁷, W Johnston²⁹, L Jones¹³, D Jungwirth¹³, V Kalogera²³, E Katsavounidis¹⁴, K Kawabe^20,2, S Kawamura²², W Kells¹³, J Kern¹⁶, A Khan¹⁶, S Killbourn³⁵, C J Killow³⁵, C Kim²³, C King¹³, P King¹³, S Klimenko³⁴, P Kloevekorn², S Koranda³⁹, K Kötter³¹, J Kovalik¹⁶, D Kozak¹³, B Krishnan¹, M Landry¹⁵, J Langdale¹⁶, B Lantz²⁶, R Lawrence¹⁴, A Lazzarini¹³, M Lei¹³, V Leonhardt³¹, I Leonor³⁷, K Libbrecht¹³, P Lindquist¹³, S Liu¹³, J Logan¹³, M Lormand¹⁶, M Lubinski¹⁵, H Lück^31,2, T T Lyons¹³, B Machenschalk¹, M MacInnis¹⁴, M Mageswaran¹³, K Mailand¹³, W Majid¹³, M Malec³¹, F Mann¹³, A Marin¹⁴, S Márka¹³, E Maros¹³, J Mason¹³, K Mason¹⁴, O Matherny¹⁵, L Matone¹⁵, N Mavalvala¹⁴, R McCarthy¹⁵, D E McClelland³, M McHugh¹⁹, P McNamara³⁵, G Mendell¹⁵, S Meshkov¹³, C Messenger³³, G Mitselmakher³⁴, R Mittleman¹⁴, O Miyakawa¹³, S Miyoki¹³, S Mohanty¹, G Moreno¹⁵, K Mossavi², B Mours¹³, G Mueller³⁴, S Mukherjee¹, J Myers¹⁵, S Nagano², T Nash¹⁰, H Naundorf¹, R Nayak¹², G Newton³⁵, F Nocera¹³, P Nutzman²³, T Olson²⁴, B O'Reilly¹⁶, D J Ottaway¹⁴, A Ottewill³⁹, D Ouimette¹³, H Overmier¹⁶, B J Owen²⁸, M A Papa¹, C Parameswariah¹⁶, V Parameswariah¹⁵, M Pedraza¹³, S Penn¹¹, M Pitkin³⁵, M Plissi³⁵, M Pratt¹⁴, V Quetschke³¹, F Raab¹⁵, H Radkins¹⁵, R Rahkola³⁷, M Rakhmanov³⁴, S R Rao¹³, D Redding¹³, M W Regehr¹³, T Regimbau¹⁴, K T Reilly¹³, K Reithmaier¹³, D H Reitze³⁴, S Richman¹⁴, R Riesen¹⁶, K Riles³⁶, A Rizzi¹⁶, D I Robertson³⁵, N A Robertson^35,26, L Robison¹³, S Roddy¹⁶, J Rollins¹⁴, J D Romano²⁹, J Romie¹³, H Rong³⁴, D Rose¹³, E Rotthoff²⁸, S Rowan³⁵, A Rüdiger^20,2, P Russell¹³, K Ryan¹⁵, I Salzman¹³, G H Sanders¹³, V Sannibale¹³, B Sathyaprakash⁷, P R Saulson²⁷, R Savage¹⁵, A Sazonov³⁴, R Schilling^20,2, K Schlaufman²⁸, V Schmidt¹³, R Schofield³⁷, M Schrempel³¹, B F Schutz^1,7, P Schwinberg¹⁵, S M Scott³, A C Searle³, B Sears¹³, S Seel¹³, A S Sengupta¹², C A Shapiro²⁸, P Shawhan¹³, D H Shoemaker¹⁴, Q Z Shu³⁴, A Sibley¹⁶, X Siemens³⁹, L Sievers¹³, D Sigg¹⁵, A M Sintes^1,32, K Skeldon³⁵, J R Smith², M Smith¹⁴, M R Smith¹³, P Sneddon³⁵, R Spero¹³, G Stapfer¹⁶, K A Strain³⁵, D Strom³⁷, A Stuver²⁸, T Summerscales²⁸, M C Sumner¹³, P J Sutton²⁸, J Sylvestre¹³, A Takamori¹³, D B Tanner³⁴, H Tariq¹³, I Taylor⁷, R Taylor¹³, K S Thorne⁶, M Tibbits²⁸, S Tilav¹³, M Tinto⁴, C Torres²⁹, C Torrie^13,35, S Traeger³¹, G Traylor¹⁶, W Tyler¹³, D Ugolini³⁰, M Vallisneri⁶, M van Putten¹⁴, S Vass¹³, A Vecchio³³, C Vorvick¹⁵, L Wallace¹³, H Walther²⁰, H Ward³⁵, B Ware¹³, K Watts¹⁶, D Webber¹³, A Weidner^20,2, U Weiland³¹, A Weinstein¹³, R Weiss¹⁴, H Welling³¹, L Wen¹³, S Wen¹⁷, J T Whelan¹⁹, S E Whitcomb¹³, B F Whiting³⁴, P A Willems¹³, P R Williams¹, R Williams⁴, B Willke^31,2, A Wilson¹³, B J Winjum²⁸, W Winkler^20,2, S Wise³⁴, A G Wiseman³⁹, G Woan³⁵, R Wooley¹⁶, J Worden¹⁵, I Yakushin¹⁶, H Yamamoto¹³, S Yoshida²⁵, I Zawischa³¹, L Zhang¹³, N Zotov¹⁸, M Zucker¹⁶ and J Zweizig¹³
¹ Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
² Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany
³ Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
⁴ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁵ California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
⁶ Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁷ Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, UK
⁸ Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
⁹ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
¹⁰ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
¹¹ Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
¹² Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
¹³ LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹⁴ LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
¹⁵ LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
¹⁶ LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
¹⁷ Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
¹⁸ Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
¹⁹ Loyola University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
²⁰ Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany
²¹ NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
²² National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²³ Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
²⁴ Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, MT 59855, USA
²⁵ Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
²⁶ Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
²⁷ Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
²⁸ The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
²⁹ The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
³⁰ Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA
³¹ Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
³² Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
³³ University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
³⁴ University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611, USA
³⁵ University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
³⁶ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
³⁷ University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
³⁸ University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
³⁹ University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
⁴⁰ Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA

Abstract. The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods, one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times 10⁻²².

PACS numbers: 04.80.Nn, 95.55.Ym, 97.60.Gb, 07.05.Kf

Print publication: Issue 5 (7 March 2004)
Received 2 October 2003
Published 9 February 2004

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Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134

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