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From Newton's laws to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation

John W Norbury 1998 Eur. J. Phys. 19 143-150   doi: 10.1088/0143-0807/19/2/007  Help

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John W Norbury
Physics Department and Center for Science Education, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA

Abstract. This is a pedagogical paper which explains some ideas in cosmology at a level accessible to undergraduate students. It does not use general relativity, but uses the ideas of Newtonian cosmology worked out by Milne and McCrea. The cosmological constant is also introduced within a Newtonian framework. Following standard quantization procedures the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in the minisuperspace approximation is derived for empty and non-empty universes.

Print publication: Issue 2 (March 1998)
Received 26 June 1997, in final form 17 November 1997

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