FIRST-YEAR SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY-II SUPERNOVA RESULTS

doi:10.1088/0067-0049/185/1/32

FIRST-YEAR SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY-II SUPERNOVA RESULTS: HUBBLE DIAGRAM AND COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Richard Kessler et al 2009 ApJS 185 32-84 doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/185/1/32

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Richard Kessler^1,2, Andrew C. Becker³, David Cinabro⁴, Jake Vanderplas³, Joshua A. Frieman^1,2,5, John Marriner⁵, Tamara M. Davis^6,7, Benjamin Dilday⁸, Jon Holtzman⁹, Saurabh W. Jha⁸, Hubert Lampeitl¹⁰, Masao Sako¹¹, Mathew Smith^10,12, Chen Zheng¹³, Robert C. Nichol¹⁰, Bruce Bassett^12,14, Ralf Bender¹⁵, Darren L. Depoy¹⁶, Mamoru Doi^17,18, Ed Elson¹², Alexei V. Filippenko¹⁹, Ryan J. Foley^19,20, Peter M. Garnavich²¹, Ulrich Hopp¹⁵, Yutaka Ihara^17,22, William Ketzeback²³, W. Kollatschny²⁴, Kohki Konishi¹⁷, Jennifer L. Marshall¹⁶, Russet J. McMillan²³, Gajus Miknaitis^25,5, Tomoki Morokuma²⁶, Edvard Mörtsell²⁷, Kaike Pan²³, Jose Luis Prieto²⁸, Michael W. Richmond²⁹, Adam G. Riess^30,31, Roger Romani¹³, Donald P. Schneider³², Jesper Sollerman^7,33, Naohiro Takanashi²⁶, Kouichi Tokita^17,22, Kurt van der Heyden³⁴, J. C. Wheeler³⁵, Naoki Yasuda³⁶ and Donald York^1,37
¹ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
² Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
³ Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
⁵ Center for Particle Astrophysics, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
⁶ School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
⁷ Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
⁹ Department of Astronomy, MSC 4500, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
¹⁰ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
¹¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 203 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
¹² Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
¹³ Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA
¹⁴ South African Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa
¹⁵ Universitäts-Sternwarte, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany
¹⁶ Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
¹⁷ Institute of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-0015, Japan
¹⁸ Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
¹⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
²⁰ Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
²¹ University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
²² Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
²³ Apache Point Observatory, P.O. Box 59, Sunspot, NM 88349, USA
²⁴ Institut für Astrophysik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
²⁵ Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2125 W. North Ave., Chicago, IL 60647, USA
²⁶ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, 181-8588, Japan
²⁷ Department of Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
²⁸ Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210-1173, USA
²⁹ Physics Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5603, USA
³⁰ Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
³¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
³² Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
³³ The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
³⁴ Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
³⁵ Department of Astronomy, McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
³⁶ Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
³⁷ Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
E-mail: kessler@kicp.uchicago.edu

ABSTRACT. We present measurements of the Hubble diagram for 103 Type Ia supernovae (SNe) with redshifts 0.04 < z < 0.42, discovered during the first season (Fall 2005) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey. These data fill in the redshift "desert" between low- and high-redshift SN Ia surveys. Within the framework of the MLCS2K2 light-curve fitting method, we use the SDSS-II SN sample to infer the mean reddening parameter for host galaxies, R_V = 2.18 ± 0.14_stat ± 0.48_syst, and find that the intrinsic distribution of host-galaxy extinction is well fitted by an exponential function, P(A_V ) = exp(–A_V /τ_V), with τ_V = 0.334 ± 0.088 mag. We combine the SDSS-II measurements with new distance estimates for published SN data from the ESSENCE survey, the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS), the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and a compilation of Nearby SN Ia measurements. A new feature in our analysis is the use of detailed Monte Carlo simulations of all surveys to account for selection biases, including those from spectroscopic targeting. Combining the SN Hubble diagram with measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations from the SDSS Luminous Red Galaxy sample and with cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy measurements from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, we estimate the cosmological parameters w and Ω_M, assuming a spatially flat cosmological model (FwCDM) with constant dark energy equation of state parameter, w. We also consider constraints upon Ω_M and Ω_Λ for a cosmological constant model (ΛCDM) with w = –1 and non-zero spatial curvature. For the FwCDM model and the combined sample of 288 SNe Ia, we find w = –0.76 ± 0.07(stat) ± 0.11(syst), Ω_M = 0.307 ± 0.019(stat) ± 0.023(syst) using MLCS2K2 and w = –0.96 ± 0.06(stat) ± 0.12(syst), Ω_M = 0.265 ± 0.016(stat) ± 0.025(syst) using the SALT-II fitter. We trace the discrepancy between these results to a difference in the rest-frame UV model combined with a different luminosity correction from color variations; these differences mostly affect the distance estimates for the SNLS and HST SNe. We present detailed discussions of systematic errors for both light-curve methods and find that they both show data-model discrepancies in rest-frame U band. For the SALT-II approach, we also see strong evidence for redshift-dependence of the color-luminosity parameter (β). Restricting the analysis to the 136 SNe Ia in the Nearby+SDSS-II samples, we find much better agreement between the two analysis methods but with larger uncertainties: w = –0.92 ± 0.13(stat)^+0.10 _–0.33(syst) for MLCS2K2 and w = –0.92 ± 0.11(stat)^+0.07 _–0.15 (syst) for SALT-II.

Key words: cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; distance scale; methods: data analysis; supernovae: general; surveys

Print publication: Issue 1 (2009 November)
Received 2009 April 13, accepted for publication 2009 August 4
Published 2009 October 14

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FIRST-YEAR SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY-II SUPERNOVA RESULTS: HUBBLE DIAGRAM AND COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

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